IfbDK132412枫叶如诗秋韵长，岁月静好心欢畅13:24:12

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枫叶如诗秋韵长，岁月静好心欢畅《石壕吏》原文翻译及赏析_作者杜甫暮投石壕村有吏夜捉人老翁逾墙走老妇出门看吏呼一何怒妇啼一何苦听妇前致词三男邺城戍一男附书至二男新战死存者且偷生死者长已矣室中更无人惟有乳下孙有孙母未去出入无完裙老妪力虽衰请从吏夜归急应河阳役犹得备晨炊夜久语声绝如闻泣幽咽天明登前途独与老翁别《酷吏列传序》文言文及翻译孔子曰导之以政齐之以刑民免而无耻导之以德齐之以礼有耻且格老氏称上德不德是以有德下德不失德是以无德法令滋章盗贼多有太史公曰信哉是言也法令者治之具而非制治清浊之源也昔天下之网尝密矣然奸伪萌起其极也上下相遁至于不振当是之时吏治若救火扬沸非武健严酷恶能胜其任而愉快乎言道德者溺其职矣故曰听讼吾犹人也必也使无讼乎下士闻道大笑之非虚言也汉兴破觚而为圜斫雕而为朴网漏于吞舟之鱼而吏治不至于奸黎民艾安由是观之在彼不在此司马迁亲身受过酷吏的残害本文是酷吏列传的序表明了司马迁反对严刑峻法实行德政的主张这篇序言可分为三层第一层用孔子老子的话阐明了道义的重要作用第二层从太史公曰到非虚言也作者充分肯定了孔子老子的观点并进一步发展了自己反对严刑峻法的主张第三层从汉兴到结尾用汉初刑法宽简风气淳厚百姓平安的事实从正面证明德治的重要性这篇序文的结构很严谨尤其是前后呼应善于运用对比手法文章一开头先引用孔子和老子的话提出论点然后用暴秦的事实来论证这一论点接着再一次引用孔子和老子的话来阐明自己的观点最后以汉初的事例正面论证自已的观点得出在彼不在此的结论汉初的事例与秦亡的史实形成鲜明对比暗中又与武帝时的弊政形成对比还与篇首孔子老子的观点相呼应全文论点与论据紧密配合层层深入太史公是不赞成用严刑峻法和酷吏来治国的于是他在开篇就引用了孔子的话太史公认为法令刑法只不过是治理国家的一个工具并不是把国家治理得好的根源

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